Understanding window operating force is essential for developers, architects, and builders aiming to create accessible spaces. Ensuring that operable windows and doors can be opened, closed, locked, and unlocked with minimal effort is crucial, especially for individuals with disabilities.
The AAMA 513-14 standard sets forth guidelines that help determine the operating forces required for various types of windows and doors.
Defining Window Operating Force
Operating force refers to the amount of effort required to operate installed sliding windows, including:
- Opening force required to open the operable sash.
- Closing force required to close installed windows.
- The force required to activate operable parts like locks and latches.
- Mechanical operators that assist users with limited hand strength.
The force required must be measured and determined according to the standard laboratory test method in AAMA 513-14. The operating force specifications are:
- 8.5 pounds (37.7 N) maximum opening force for horizontal sliding door systems and vertical sliding windows.
- 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum opening force for all other fenestration systems.
Why Window Operating Force Matters in Building Design
Window operating force is a critical factor in usable buildings because it directly impacts ADA accessibility.
When designing operable windows, developers and architects must consider the needs of individuals with disabilities, including those who have difficulty with wrist twisting, tight grasping, or movements that require pushing and pulling.
Key Considerations:
- ADA Accessibility: Ensuring that ADA-compliant windows and exterior doors meet comprehensive laws detailing requirements for accessibility.
- Fire Doors & Safety Concerns: Windows and fire doors must have door operating force specifications that allow easy egress in emergencies.
- Push Plate & Latch Edge Design: Correctly positioned operating hardware ensures ease of use.
- Decreased Window Sizes: Reducing sash size can reduce operating force, making windows more accessible.
- Fenestration Systems & Health Practices: Allowing fresh air circulation contributes to better indoor health practices.
Understanding AAMA 513-14
AAMA 513-14 is the standard test method for the determination of operating forces required for windows and doors in accessible spaces. This standard test method ensures compliance with the International Code Council’s accessible building codes.
Key Aspects:
- Establishes test method conditions for measuring onsite operating forces.
- Provides a standardized laboratory product comparison approach.
- Ensures regulatory limitations are met.
- Includes an appendix for onsite testing.
AAMA Operating Force Specifications
How Do AAMA Guidelines Apply to Different Building Types?
AAMA operating force specifications apply to:
- Hotels and Motels: Ensuring operable windows include accessibility features.
- Skilled Nursing Facilities: Windows may require mechanical assistance to operate for the benefit of residents.
- Hospitals: Windows are often locked for safety, but should also consider accessibility of door hardware for staff.
When Are Operable Windows Not Required?
- Fully sprinklered buildings eliminate the need for emergency escape windows.
- Rooms with alternative exits.
- Buildings over 75 feet above the ground.
AAMA and ADA-Capable Windows
The Link Between AAMA 513-14 and ADA
The Americans with Disabilities Act ensures that all occupants can easily operate windows and doors. The test method determines whether a window meets ADA accessibility requirements.
ADA Design Considerations for Windows
- Latching & Unlocking Forces: Cannot require tight grasping.
- Door Swing & Folding Doors: Other doors, including folding doors, must be considered in design.
- Push Side & Latch Side Accessibility: Hardware placement is key.
- Force Requirements for Existing Doors: Other doors may need modification to comply.
- Operable Parts & Special Compression Seals: Low-friction components help reduce operating force.
Testing Windows for ADA Compliance
AAMA 513-14 outlines test method procedures to ensure existing doors, exterior doors, and operable windows to comply with ADA standards.
- Lab Eliminating Wind Variables: Testing in controlled conditions.
- Onsite Testing Available: To verify the effect of onsite operating forces.
- Several Performance Classes: Ensuring a range of window designs can comply.
ADA-Capable Windows: Key Takeaways
- At least one unit in a space must have ADA-designed windows.
- Decreased window sizes and low-friction hardware help meet force requirements.
- Market Units for Accessibility: Manufacturers cannot label products as ADA-certified; they can only be labeled as ADA-capable.
